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Hỏi: Năm 2012, do thấy sức khoẻ không tốt nên tôi có ra phòng công chứng làm hợp đồng tặng con trai tôi một căn nhà ở quận 7, Tp.HCM. Nay cần tiền trả nợ, tôi muốn huỷ hợp đồng đó, lấy lại nhà để bán, nhưng con tôi không chấp nhận. Tôi phải làm sao?

 

Văn bản công chứng có hiệu lực thi hành đối với các bên liên quan; trong trường hợp bên có nghĩa vụ không thực hiện nghĩa vụ của mình thì bên kia có quyền yêu cầu toà án giải quyết theo quy định pháp luật, trừ trường hợp các bên tham gia hợp đồng, giao dịch có thoả thuận khác. Văn bản công chứng có giá trị chứng cứ; những tình tiết, sự kiện trong văn bản công chứng không phải chứng minh, trừ trường hợp bị toà án tuyên bố vô hiệu.

Như vậy, nếu con trai bà không đồng ý huỷ hợp đồng tặng cho nhà đó, bà với con không tự thoả thuận được thì bà chỉ còn cách khởi kiện yêu cầu toà án tuyên bố hợp đồng tặng cho vô hiệu. Tuy nhiên, khi đó bà phải đưa ra được các căn cứ dẫn đến vô hiệu theo quy định của luật Dân sự thì mới mong thắng kiện: do vi phạm điều cấm của pháp luật, trái đạo đức xã hội; do giả tạo; do người chưa thành niên, người mất năng lực hành vi dân sự, người bị hạn chế năng lực hành vi dân sự xác lập, thực hiện; do bị nhầm lẫn; do bị lừa dối, đe doạ; do người xác lập không nhận thức và làm chủ được hành vi của mình; do không tuân thủ quy định về hình thức…

 Thời hiệu yêu cầu toà án tuyên bố hợp đồng vô hiệu là hai năm, kể từ ngày giao dịch dân sá»± được xác lập. Riêng đối vá»›i các giao dịch dân sá»± vô hiệu do vi phạm Ä‘iều cấm của pháp luật, trái đạo đức xã há»™i; do giả tạo thì thời hiệu không bị hạn chế.