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Hợp đồng giao dịch bằng ngoại tệ
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Hợp đồng giao dịch bằng ngoại tệ

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Vợ chồng ông Phương có vay của bà Lee 5.000 USD và đã trả được 17.300.000 VND tiền lãi. Khi tranh chấp xảy ra, HĐTP căn cứ vào BLDS 1995 để định hướng xử lý như sau: tuyên bố hợp đồng vay vô hiệu, buộc vợ chồng ông Phương phải hoàn trả cho bà Lee số nợ gốc 5.000 USD. Đối với phần tiền lãi 17.300.000 VND mà vợ chồng ông Phương đã trả cho bà Lee thì tịch thu để sung công.

Tóm tắt bản án số 25 (Bản án số 42/2006/DSST ngày 21/09/2006 của TAND tp Hà Nội):

Bà Tính cho chị Tuyết vay 3.000 USD trong năm rưỡi. Khi tranh chấp xảy ra, Tòa án căn cứ BLDS 2005 để xác định giao dịch bằng ngoại tệ giữa bà Tính và chị Tuyết đã vi phạm điều cấm của pháp luật nên giao dịch đó là vô hiệu, chị Tuyết không phải trả lãi theo yêu cầu của bà Tính nhưng phải trả cho bà Tính số tiền 3.000 USD được quy đổi ra đồng Việt Nam theo giá của Ngân hàng ngoại thương Việt Nam bán ra vào ngày xét xử.

Ý nghĩa bản án:

Các giao dịch ngoại tệ vi phạm quy định về quản lý ngoại hối thì bị vô hiệu, bên vay phải trả cho bên cho vay số nợ gốc tính ra tiền Việt Nam tại thời điểm xét xử sơ thẩm.

Lưu ý: đối với phần tiền lãi, Tòa án áp dụng Điều 137 BLDS 1995 theo hướng: đối với khoản lãi nếu bên vay đã trả cho bên cho vay thì phải tuyên tịch thu sung quỹ Nhà nước; nếu chưa trả thì không tuyên tịch thu (Xem Công văn số 81/2002/TANDTC ngày 10/6/2006 về việc giải đáp các vấn đề nghiệp vụ). Hiện tại, theo BLDS 2005 hiện hành thì vẫn chưa có hướng dẫn cụ thể về việc có tịch thu khoản lãi đã trả hay không.

Lưu ý: nếu hợp đồng có thỏa thuận bằng ngoại tệ và thanh toán cũng bằng ngoại tệ thì không có giá trị, còn hợp đồng có thỏa thuận tính toán bằng ngoại tệ nhưng thanh toán bằng tiền Việt Nam thì lại hợp pháp (Xem Nghị quyết số 04/2003/NQ-HĐTP ngày 27/05/2003).

Tác giả: Đỗ Văn Đại

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